Anatomy Of Heart

 

         

Cardiology


Heart

         ðŸ’¦The heart is a conical hollow muscular organ situated in the middle mediastinum.

         ðŸ’¦It is enclosed within the pericardium.

          💦It pumps blood to the various parts of the body to meet their nutritive requirements.

          💦The heart is placed obliquely behind the body of the sternum and adjoining parts of the coastal cartilages, so that 1/3 of it lies to the right and the 2/3 of the left of the median plane.

          💦The heart measures about 12*9 cm and weighs about Males - 300 g

                                  Females - 250 g

External features:

     ðŸ©¸The heart has four chambers.

     ðŸ©¸They are the right & left atria and right & left ventricle.

     ðŸ©¸The atria lies above and behind the ventricles.

     ðŸ©¸On the surface of the heart, they are separated from the ventricles by an atrioventricular groove.

     ðŸ©¸The atria are separated from each other by interatrial groove.

     ðŸ©¸The ventricles are separated from each other by interventricular groove, which is subdivided into anterior and posterior parts.

The heart has:

       ðŸ”¥An apex directed downwards, forwards and to the left.

       ðŸ”¥A base (posterior surface) directed backwards.

       ðŸ”¥ Anterior/sternocostal surface.

       ðŸ”¥ Inferior surface.

       ðŸ”¥ Left lateral surface.

       ðŸ”¥The surfaces are demarcrated by upper inferior, right and left borders.

Grooves or sulci:

   ðŸ’¦The atria are separated from the ventricles by a atrioventricular or coronary sulcus.

  💦It is divided into anterior and posterior parts.

  💦 Anterior part consists of right and left halves.

  💦Right half is oblique between right auricle and right ventricle, lodging right coronary artery.

  💦Left half is small between left auricle and left ventricle, lodging circumflex branch of the left coronary.

  💦The coronary sulcus is overlapped anteriorly by the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk.

  💦The interatrial groove is faintly visible posteriorly, while anteriorly it is hidden the aorta and pulmonary trunk.

  💦The anterior interventricular groove is nearer to the left margin of the heart.

  💦It runs downwards and to the left.

  💦 The lower end of the groove separates the apex from the rest of the inferior border of the heart.

  💦The posterior interventricular groove situated on the diaphragmatic or inferior surface of the heart.

  💦It is nearer to the right margin of the surface.

  💦The two interventricular groove meet at the inferior border near the apex.

  💦The crux of the heart is the point where posterior interventricular sulcus meet the coronary sulcus.

Apex of the heart:

         ðŸ”¥Apex of the heart is formed entirely by the left ventricle.

        🔥It is directed downwards, forwards and to the left and is overlapped by the anterior border of the left lung.

        🔥It is situated in the left lung intercostal space 9cm lateral to the midsternal line just medial to the midclavicular line.

Base of the heart:

🌡️The base of the heart is also called its posterior surface.

🌡️It is formed mainly by the left atrium and by a small part of the right atrium.

Borders of the heart:

   ðŸŒ¹The upper border is slightly oblique and is formed by the two atria, chiefly the left atrium.

   ðŸŒ¹The right border is more or less vertical and is formed by the right atrium. It extends from superior venacava to the inferior venacava.

   ðŸŒ¹The inferior border is nearly horizontal and is formed mainly by the right ventricle. It extends from IVC to apex.

   ðŸŒ¹The left border is oblique and curved. It is formed mainly by the left ventricle and partly by the left auricle. It separates the anterior and left surface of the heart. It extends from apex to left auricle.

Surfaces of the heart:

🩸The anterior or sternocostal surface is formed mainly by the right atrium and right ventricle and partly by the left ventricle and left auricle. The left atrium is not seen on the anterior surface as it is covered by the aorta and pulmonary trunk.

🩸 The inferior or diaphragmatic surface rests on the central tendon of the diaphragm. It is formed in its left 2/3 by the left ventricle and its right 1/3 by the right ventricle. It is transversed by the posterior interventricular groove and is directed downwards and slightly backwards.

🩸 The left lateral surface is formed mostly by the left ventricle and at the upper end by the left auricle. In its upper part, the surface is crossed by the coronary sulcus. It is related to the left phrenic nerve and the left pericardio phrenic vessels and pericardium.




             ***The End***



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